Symbiotic Efficiency of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth Dynamics and Root Colonization of Waxy Corn (Zea mays L. var. ceratina)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58222/jtm.v5i1.116Keywords:
Arbuscular mycorrhizal, Gorontalo, Root infectin, Shoot-root ratio, Waxy CornAbstract
One of the important food crops in Gorontalo is corn (Zea mays L. var. ceratina), and root health is very important in determining its growth and productivity. This study aims to determine the root shoot-root ratio and root infection of waxy corn plants given arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as biostimulants. This study was conducted from July to December 2025 using a completely randomized block design (RBD) with four different doses mycorrhizal arbuscular: 0, 10, 20, 30 g /polybag, which were replicated three times and observed periodically over 42 days after planting (DAP). The variables observed were root shoot-root ratio and root infection of plants at 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after planting. The results showed that the application of mycorrhizae with different doses resulted in a root shoot ratio that increased in line with the increasing age of the plant. In contrast, it was interesting to find that in plant root infections, mycorrhizal application appeared to increase until the plants were 28 days after planting, after which it declined. This finding suggests that arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation given to plants at different doses can impact root health, as indicated by the ratio of root decay to root infection. The symbiosis between mycorrhizae and plants is crucial for the growth of waxy corn.
References
Abd El-Fattah, D. A., Maze, M., Ali, B. A. A., & Awed, N. M. (2023). Role of mycorrhizae in enhancing the economic revenue of water and phosphorus use efficiency in sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) plants. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 22(3), 174-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2022.10.001
Adeyemi, N. O., Atayese, M. O., & Olubode, A. A. (2019). Identification and relative abundance of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with oil-seed crops and maize (Zea mays L.) in derived savannah of Nigeria. Acta Fytotechnica et Zootechnica, 22(3), 84-89. https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2019.22.03.84-89
Ahaya, C., Kandowangko, N. Y., Febriyanti, Ahmad, J., & Pagalla, D. B. (2025). Comparison of anatomical structure of maize (Zea mays L.) plant of Gorontalo local variety Pulut and Momala. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 25(1), 589-598. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8483
Baba, Z. A., Asif, M., Sheikh, T. A., Hamid, B., Sehar, T., Hamid, B., & Khan, S. (2016). Arbuscular mycorrhizal diversity and associations in the crop fields of Kashmir. Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 22, S155-S162.
Baltruschat, H., Santos, V. M., da Silva, D. K. A., Schellenberg, I., Deubel, A., Sieverding, E., & Oehl, F. (2019). Unexpectedly high diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in fertile Chernozem croplands in Central Europe. Catena, 182, 104135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104135
Dias, T., Correia, P., Carvalho, L., Melo, J., de Varennes, A., & Cruz, C. (2018). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species differ in their capacity to overrule the soil's legacy from maize monocropping. Applied Soil Ecology, 125, 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.12.025
El Gabardi, S., Chliyeh, M., Ouazzani Touhami, A., Mouden, N., Selmaoui, K., Filali Maltouf, A., ... & Douira, A. (2020). Effects of phospho-compost and mud from phosphate sludges combined or not with an endomycorrhizal inoculum on the improvement of the agronomic parameters of maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, 21(35-36), 65-80.
Gao, R., Luo, Z., He, R., Niu, Y., Liu, J., Cai, L., & Hai, L. (2023). Soil AMF community structure and assembly mechanism of Medicago sativa field in Loess Plateau. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 31(6), 835-844. https://doi.org/10.12357/cjea.20220697
Haro, H., Sanon, K. B., Le Roux, C., Duponnois, R., & Traoré, A. S. (2018). Improvement of cowpea productivity by rhizobial and mycorrhizal inoculation in Burkina Faso. Symbiosis, 74(2), 107-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-017-0478-3
Kandowangko, N. Y., Suryatmana, G., Nurlaeny, N., & Simanungkalit, R. D. M. (2009). Proline and abscisic acid content in droughted corn plant inoculated with Azospirillum sp. and arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 16(1), 15-20.
Kandowangko, N. Y., Solang, M., & Retnawaty, E. (2020). Traditional agro-management practices, utilization and nutritional composition of momala: A local maize variety of Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 21(3), 853-859. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210301
Kandowangko, N. Y., Solang, M., Febriyanti, & Ahmad, A. (2025). Morphological traits and nutritional value of six local cultivars of maize (Zea mays) from Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 26(5), 2289-2298. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d260526
Latif, K. P., Kandowangko, N. Y., Ahmad, J., & Sija, P. (2023). Respon pertumbuhan jagung lokal Pulut dan Siropu Gorontalo terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Jurnal Biologi Papua, 15(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.31957/jbp.2575
Mäkelä, P. S. A., Wasonga, D. O., Hernandez, A. S., & Santanen, Arja. (2020). Seedling growth and phosphorus uptake in response to different phosphorus sources. Agronomy, 10(8), 1089. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081089
Ou-Zine, M., El Hilali, R., Haggoud, A., Achbani, E. H., & Bouamri, R. (2022). Effects and relationships of compost dose and organic additives on compost tea properties, efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum and potential effect on endomycorrhization and growth of Zea mays L. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 13(11), 4431-4445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01795-w
Sefrila, M., Ghulamahdi, M., Purwono, Melati, M., & Mansur, I. (2023). Trap culture and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from corn roots in tidal swamps using several host plants. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 38(1), 193-203. https://doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v38i1.70180
Suharno, Soetarto, E. S., Sancayaningsih, R. P., & Kasiamdari, R. S. (2017). Association of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with Brachiaria precumbens (Poaceae) in tailing and its potential to increase the growth of maize (Zea mays). Biodiversitas, 18(1), 433-441. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180157
Tadidik, U. H., Kandowangko, N. Y., Febriyanti, Retnowati, Y., & Ahmad, A. (2025). Studi kekerabatan morfologi jagung (Zea mays L.) varietas lokal di Gorontalo. Agrium, 28(1), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.30596/agrium.v28i1.23146
Tammam, A., Aggan, W. E., Badry, H., Abou-Shanab, R., & El-Sawy, S. (2022). Influence of local isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and physiological performance in Zea mays grown in phosphorus-deficient calcareous soil. Egyptian Journal of Botany, 62(1), 131-148. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejbo.2021.58373.1612
Truong, P. T. H., Nguyen, T. M. T., Tran, T. N., Le, H. P., Vu, V. Q., & Dao, U. T. D. (2025). Evaluation of the symbiosis ability, growth, and development support of four genera of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Maize (Zea mays L.) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1465(1), 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1465/1/012010
Yadav, A., Batra, D., Kaushik, P., & Mohanta, T. K. (2023). Abundance and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with oil-yielding plants. Journal of Basic Microbiology, 63(7), 814-827. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202300012
Zhang, H., Bittman, S., Hunt, D. E., Bounaix, F., & Messiga, A. J. (2018). Availability of phosphorus after long-term whole and separated slurry application to perennial grass prior to corn silage. Journal of Environmental Quality, 47(4), 893-901. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2017.12.0466
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yuniyarti Hulu, Novri Youla Kandowangko, Muhammad Isra, Jusna Ahmad, Yuliana Retnowati, Aisyah Ahmad, Wirnangsih D. Uno, Hayatiningsih Gubali
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
_1.png)
